Combustion and its Types
Combustion and its Types
Combustion
The chemical process of burning of a substance in the presence of air or oxygen with the liberation of heat and light is called combustion. Substances can be classified as:
Types of combustion:
1. Rapid combustion: larger amount of heat and light are released in a very short span of time. E.g. combustion of LPG, which produces heat light intently. They also require external heat. Cooking gas (in our homes), spirit, petrol and camphor go to flames even with a spark from gas lighter. These materials are highly inflammable. You might have observed "Highly Inflammable " written on petrol tankers. This is a warning to keep a flame away from these tankers.
2. Explosion: Characterized by sudden release of heat, light and sound e.g.: bursting of firecrackers.When a cracker is ignited it explodes with a big -bang producing heat and light (sparkles.) Same is the true with the firing of gun. Big sound is produced along with combustion. Fire wood burns with a crackling sound.
3. Spontaneous combustion: Substances catch fire on their own, without the application of external heat e.g. white phosphorous.In this type of combustion a material suddenly bursts into flames without the application of any apparent cause for e.g. spontaneous forest fires are sometimes due to the heat of the sun or lighting strike.
Combustion of hydrocarbons can be divided in to two types :-
1. Complete combustion: Combustion takes place in adequate amount of air or oxygen. It results in the formation of carbon dioxide, water, heat and light.
2. Incomplete combustion: Combustion take place in inadequate amount of air or oxygen .It result in the formation of carbon monoxide, soot, water, heat and light.
Soot : Black powdered substance produced on incomplete combustion.
Condition necessary of combustion:
1. Presence of combustion substances: Combustion is only possible in the presence of combustion substance i.e. called fuel. e.g. wood, charcoal, petrol etc.
2. Presence of a supporter of combustion: Adequate amount of supporter of combustion e.g.: oxygen.
3. Attainment of ignition temperature: A substance start to burn after attainment of certain minimum temperature. The temperature at which a particular substances burn in the presence of air is called ignition temperature. A substance cannot catch fire below its ignition temperature.
Note: A substance will not burn without one or more of these conditions.
Inflammable substances: Substances like petrol, LPG, alcohol catch fire easily because they have low ignition temperature and are inflammable substances.
Combustion is a chemical process in which a substance (fuel) burns in the presence of air (oxygen) with the release of heat and light. On combustion the burning fuels gets combines with oxygen to form new substance. Sometimes, combustion is accompanied with the production of sound as well.The sound produced may be a hissing sound, crackling sound or an explosion.
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When compounds undergo combustion, two or more combustion products are formed. When carbon - hydrogen compounds undergo combustion is an excess of oxygen, the combustion products are carbon dioxide and water.
The metabolism of glucose , blood sugar that occurs in our bodies the energy to sustain our life is also a combustion reaction that occurs at a steady rate
Arrange the following fuels in increasing order of their calorific value : 1. Petrol 2. Diesel 3. Kerosene 4. Natural gas | |||
| Right Option : B | |||
| View Explanation | |||
The process of burning a substance in the presence of air with evolution of heat is called ________________________.
| |||
| Right Option : C | |||
| View Explanation | |||
The type of combustion in which heat, light and sound are produced is _____________________ | |||
| Right Option : B | |||
| View Explanation | |||
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